ABSTRACT
The objective of this review article is to abridge all the available information regarding the Mechanism of tooth bleaching and their consequences on dental soft and hard tissues structures .physical properties morphology and color of composite restorations. The controversial reviews regarding the effects of dental bleaching agents were reviewed. Information from the original scientific full papers and reviews listed in Google scholar PubMed or Science Direct were included in this review. Bleaching may apply an adverse influence on composite restorations. It is advisable to reduce the usage of bleaching products where possible
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate practice of universal infection control protocols among third and final year BDS students at different dental colleges. Comparative study. This study was conducted in five dental colleges and hospitals which are affiliated with University of Karachi during the year 2011-2012. The undergraduates [third and final professional BDS students were selected with the age range from 18-22 years and without gender discrimination in the year 2011-2012. A self applied, confidential 14 close-ended type questionnaire consisting of various aspects of infection control practice was distributed to these undergraduates at the end of second semester after the lecture with permission and consent of head of institution. The collected data was analyzed by using SPPS 16.0. Among 180 students, 90[50%] were final year students and 90[50%] were third year students. Out of them 70 final year and 72 third year students participated. Thus a total of 142 [77.77%] students completed questionnaire with a response rate of 79%. The final year students were found to have more knowledge and had practiced more infection control procedures than third year students. Compliance with recommended guidelines for cross infection control varies among final year and third year students. Efforts are needed to improve attitudes to implement information and motivate students in the correct and routine use of infection control measures before they commence their clinical rotations
ABSTRACT
To assess the prevalence of Angle's Malocclusion in relation to different age groups and gender in general population. A cross sectional study was done at Dow Dental College during period of 2012- 2013. Six hundred participants were selected according to inclusion criteria by using a non-randomized purposive sampling technique. Visual observation was done to find whether the participants had class 1, 2 and 3 in relation to self-designed age groups and gender. Data was collected by questionnaire filled by the researcher and was further analysed by using computer software SPSS 16.0. Pearson chi square was applied to observe whether the prevalence of Angles Malocclusion is dependent on different age groups and gender. Class 1 demonstrated to be the most established malocclusion. Females were observed to have more class 1 than males. Conversely Pearson chi square did not reveal any statistical significant result of Angles Malocclusion in relation to different age groups and gender. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of malocclusion traits did not change as shown by the p-value being insignificant. Cross-sectional studies of younger population groups are to be used for research into the long-term physiological effects of malocclusion to know if certain and specific malocclusion traits are stable over time
ABSTRACT
This study was done to explore the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-15 year old school children and to determine the differences of malocclusion status in gender. A cross sectional study was conducted in which a total of 1200 school children were examined. Out of these 718 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria using a non-randomized purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted during the period of 2009-2011 in Karachi schools [Bahadurabad, Nazimabad and Gulsahan-e-Iqbal areas]. Each individual was assessed visually with a millimetre ruler for the presence of different occlusal traits [normal occlusion, Class 1, Class 2 division 1, Class 2 division 2 and Class3 maloc-clusion] overjet [OJ], overbite [OB], crowding, midline diastema and cross bite. Gender dimorphism was analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by using computer software [SPSS version 16.0]. Out of all the occlusive traits, Class 1 malocclusion and overbite was dominant feature in females. The baseline data explained in the present study can be utilized for the future planning of orthodontic treatment needed among the population